aiki carbonYana kunshe da graphite microcrystals, guda jirgin sama grid carbon da kuma amorphous carbon sassa uku, wanda graphite microcrystals ne babban ɓangare na aiki carbon. Microcrystalline tsarin aiki carbon bambanta da microcrystalline tsarin graphite, da microcrystalline tsarin da layered spacing ne tsakanin 0.34 ~ 0.35nm, da rabo ne mai girma. Ko da zafin jiki har zuwa 2000 ℃ sama da shi ne da wuya a canza zuwa graphite, wannan microcrystalline tsarin da ake kira non-graphite microcrystalline, mafi yawan aiki carbon kasance non-graphite tsarin. Tsarin microcrystal na graphite yana da ƙa'idodi, za a iya canzawa zuwa graphite bayan sarrafawa. Non-graphite microcrystal tsarin sa aiki carbon da ci gaba porous tsarin, da porous tsarin za a iya bayyana ta hanyar aperture rarraba. The aperture rarraba na aiki carbon ne m kewayon, daga kasa da 1nm zuwa dubban nm. Wani masana ya ba da shawarar rarraba aperture na aiki carbon zuwa uku nau'ikan: aperture kasa da 2nm don micropores, aperture a 2 ~ 50nm don matsakaicin rami, da aperture mafi girma fiye da 50nm don manyan rami.

Yankin microporous a cikin carbon mai aiki ya kai sama da kashi 95% na yankin farfajiyar carbon mai aiki, wanda ya ƙayyade ƙarfin shan carbon mai aiki. Matsakaicin pore dangantaka farfajiyar yankin wakiltar kimanin 5% na aiki carbon dangantaka farfajiyar yankin, shi ne ba za a iya shiga cikin manyan kwayoyin na micropores, samar da capillary coagulation a karkashin babban dangantaka matsin lamba. Babban rami fiye da farfajiyar yankin gabaɗaya ba ya wuce 0.5m2 / g, kawai adsorption kwayoyin ya isa micropores da kuma matsakaicin rami tashar, a kan adsorption tsari ba shi da tasiri.

Yawancin lokaci, porous amorphous carbon mai ƙarfin sha ne a cikin foda ko granular. A karkashin yanayin iska mai karfi (kamar kwal, itace, ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace masu wuya, ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace, resin, da dai sauransu) ta hanyar 600 ~ 900 ° C mai zafi, sa'an nan kuma a karkashin yanayin 400 ~ 900 ° C tare da iska, carbon dioxide, tururi na ruwa ko duka uku.

Carbonization sa kayan waje da carbon volatile, oxidation activation iya kara cire ragowar volatile abubuwa, samar da sabon da kuma fadada asali pores, inganta micropore tsari, da kuma kara aiki. Low zafin jiki (400 ℃) aiki carbon aka kira L-carbon, high zafin jiki (900 ℃) aiki carbon aka kira H-carbon. H-carbon dole ne a sanyaya a cikin yanayin inert, in ba haka ba zai canza zuwa L-carbon. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da sinadarai na gas a lokacin da ake aiki da oxidation da matattarar sa, zafin jiki na aiki, matakin aiki, tsarin kayayyaki mara kyau a cikin carbon mai aiki da abun ciki, ya dangana da halayen gas mai aiki da zafin jiki na aiki.

Abubuwan da ke ciki na carbon mai aiki, yankin da aka yi amfani da shi, abun ciki na toka da darajar pH na dakatarwar ruwa duk suna ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka zafin jiki na aiki. Mafi girman zafin jiki na aiki, sauran abubuwan da ke tsayawa suna tsayawa cikakke, tsarin micropore ya fi girma fiye da yankin farfajiyar da ayyukan absorption.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ash a cikin carbon mai aiki da abun ciki suna da tasiri sosai a kan ayyukan shan carbon. Ash rabo yafi ƙunshi K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, P2O5, SO3, Cl-da dai sauransu, ash rabo abun ciki da alaka da samar da aiki carbon kasa, kuma, tare da cire volatile a carbon, ash rabo abun ciki a carbon kara.

A shekara ta 2007, samar da kwal mai aiki ya kai 900kt, wanda kwal mai aiki ya kai sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na jimlar samarwa;