aiki carbonWani kwal ne da aka sarrafa musamman wanda ke dumama kayan aiki na halitta (ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace, kwal, katako, da dai sauransu) a cikin yanayin keɓaɓɓen iska don rage abubuwan da ba carbon ba (wanda ake kira carbonation), sannan kuma ya amsa da gas, yana lalacewa farfajiyar, yana samar da tsarin da ya ci gaba da micropores (wanda ake kira activation). Tun da aiki da tsari ne microscopic tsari, wato da yawa na kwayoyin halitta carbide surface lalacewa ne point lalacewa, don haka ya haifar da aiki carbon surface da yawa kananan pores. Micropore diamita na aiki carbon farfajiyar mafi yawa a tsakanin 2 ~ 50nm, ko da ƙananan adadin aiki carbon, akwai babban farfajiyar yanki, kowane gram aiki carbon farfajiyar ne 500 ~ 1500m2, aiki carbon duk aikace-aikace, kusan duk bisa ga aiki carbon wannan halaye.

Active carbon ne da katako, coal da kuma mai coke kamar carbon dauke da kasa kayan aiki ta hanyar thermolysis, aiki aiki shirye-shirye, tare da ci gaba porous tsari, babban fiye da farfajiyar yanki da wadataccen farfajiyar sinadarai rukuni, musamman absorbing iya karfi carbon kayan gaba daya sunan.

Yawancin lokaci, porous amorphous carbon mai ƙarfin sha ne a cikin foda ko granular. A karkashin yanayin iska mai karfi (kamar kwal, itace, ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace masu wuya, ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace, resin, da dai sauransu) ta hanyar 600 ~ 900 ° C mai zafi, sa'an nan kuma a karkashin yanayin 400 ~ 900 ° C tare da iska, carbon dioxide, tururi na ruwa ko duka uku.

Carbonization sa kayan waje da carbon volatile, oxidation activation iya kara cire ragowar volatile abubuwa, samar da sabon da kuma fadada asali pores, inganta micropore tsari, da kuma kara aiki. Low zafin jiki (400 ℃) aiki carbon aka kira L-carbon, high zafin jiki (900 ℃) aiki carbon aka kira H-carbon. H-carbon dole ne a sanyaya a cikin yanayin inert, in ba haka ba zai canza zuwa L-carbon. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da sinadarai na gas a lokacin da ake aiki da oxidation da matattarar sa, zafin jiki na aiki, matakin aiki, tsarin kayayyaki mara kyau a cikin carbon mai aiki da abun ciki, ya dangana da halayen gas mai aiki da zafin jiki na aiki.

Abubuwan da ke ciki na carbon mai aiki, yankin da aka yi amfani da shi, abun ciki na toka da darajar pH na dakatarwar ruwa duk suna ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka zafin jiki na aiki. Mafi girman zafin jiki na aiki, sauran abubuwan da ke tsayawa suna tsayawa cikakke, tsarin micropore ya fi girma fiye da yankin farfajiyar da ayyukan absorption.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ash a cikin carbon mai aiki da abun ciki suna da tasiri sosai a kan ayyukan shan carbon. Ash rabo yafi ƙunshi K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, P2O5, SO3, Cl-da dai sauransu, ash rabo abun ciki da alaka da samar da aiki carbon kasa, kuma, tare da cire volatile a carbon, ash rabo abun ciki a carbon kara.

A shekara ta 2007, samar da kwal mai aiki ya kai 900kt, wanda kwal mai aiki ya kai sama da kashi biyu bisa uku na jimlar samarwa;